1. Lafage V, Schwab F, Skalli W, et al. Standing balance and sagittal plane spinal deformity: analysis of spinopelvic and gravity line parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 33:1572–1578. PMID:
18552673.
2. Schwab F, Patel A, Ungar B, Farcy JP, Lafage V. Adult spinal deformity-postoperative standing imbalance: how much can you tolerate? An overview of key parameters in assessing alignment and planning corrective surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010 35:2224–2231. PMID:
21102297.
3. Jang JS, Lee SH, Kim JM, Min JH, Han KM, Maeng DH. Can patients with sagittally well-compensated lumbar degenerative kyphosis benefit from surgical treatment for intractable back pain? Neurosurgery 2009 64:115–121. PMID:
19050655.
4. Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, Horton W, Berven S, Schwab F. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:2024–2029. PMID:
16166889.
5. Takemitsu Y, Harada Y, Iwahara T, Miyamoto M, Miyatake Y. Lumbar degenerative kyphosis. Clinical, radiological and epidemiological studies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1988 13:1317–1326. PMID:
2974629.
6. Chin DK, Park JY, Yoon YS, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients requiring spine surgery: incidence and significance of osteoporosis in spine disease. Osteoporos Int 2007 18:1219–1224. PMID:
17387420.
7. DeWald CJ, Stanley T. Instrumentation-related complications of multilevel fusions for adult spinal deformity patients over age 65: surgical considerations and treatment options in patients with poor bone quality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006 31:S144–S151. PMID:
16946632.
8. Wittenberg RH, Shea M, Swartz DE, Lee KS, White AA 3rd, Hayes WC. Importance of bone mineral density in instrumented spine fusions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991 16:647–652. PMID:
1862404.
9. Soshi S, Shiba R, Kondo H, Murota K. An experimental study on transpedicular screw fixation in relation to osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991 16:1335–1341. PMID:
1750009.
10. Lee JH, Lee JH, Park JW, Shin YH. The insertional torque of a pedicle screw has a positive correlation with bone mineral density in posterior lumbar pedicle screw fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012 94:93–97. PMID:
22219254.
11. Halvorson TL, Kelley LA, Thomas KA, Whitecloud TS 3rd, Cook SD. Effects of bone mineral density on pedicle screw fixation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994 19:2415–2420. PMID:
7846594.
12. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation following long adult lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, prevalence, and risk factor analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006 31:2359–2366. PMID:
16985465.
13. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1994 843:1–129. PMID:
7941614.
14. Kang CH, Shin MJ, Kim SM, Lee SH, Lee CS. MRI of paraspinal muscles in lumbar degenerative kyphosis patients and control patients with chronic low back pain. Clin Radiol 2007 62:479–486. PMID:
17398274.
15. Lee JC, Cha JG, Kim Y, Kim YI, Shin BJ. Quantitative analysis of back muscle degeneration in the patients with the degenerative lumbar flat back using a digital image analysis: comparison with the normal controls. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 33:318–325. PMID:
18303466.
16. Lee CS, Lee CK, Kim YT, Hong YM, Yoo JH. Dynamic sagittal imbalance of the spine in degenerative flat back: significance of pelvic tilt in surgical treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001 26:2029–2035. PMID:
11547204.
17. Kim WJ, Kang JW, Kang SI, et al. Factors affecting clinical results after corrective osteotomy for lumbar degenerative kyphosis. Asian Spine J 2010 4:7–14. PMID:
20622949.
18. Lee SH, Kim KT, Suk KS, Lee JH, Seo EM, Huh DS. Sagittal decompensation after corrective osteotomy for lumbar degenerative kyphosis: classification and risk factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011 36:E538–E544. PMID:
21240054.
19. Jang JS, Lee SH, Min JH, Han KM. Lumbar degenerative kyphosis: radiologic analysis and classifications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007 32:2694–2699. PMID:
18007246.
20. Zdeblick TA, Kunz DN, Cooke ME, McCabe R. Pedicle screw pullout strength. Correlation with insertional torque. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1993 18:1673–1676. PMID:
8235848.
21. Rose PS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, et al. Role of pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis, and patient factors on sagittal plane correction following pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:785–791. PMID:
19365245.
22. Lafage V, Schwab F, Patel A, Hawkinson N, Farcy JP. Pelvic tilt and truncal inclination: two key radiographic parameters in the setting of adults with spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:E599–E606. PMID:
19644319.
23. Legaye J, Duval-Beaupere G, Hecquet J, Marty C. Pelvic incidence: a fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves. Eur Spine J 1998 7:99–103. PMID:
9629932.
24. Schwab F, Lafage V, Boyce R, Skalli W, Farcy JP. Gravity line analysis in adult volunteers: age-related correlation with spinal parameters, pelvic parameters, and foot position. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006 31:E959–E967. PMID:
17139212.
25. Vialle R, Levassor N, Rillardon L, Templier A, Skalli W, Guigui P. Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005 87:260–267. PMID:
15687145.
26. O'Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, et al. Risk factors and outcomes for catastrophic failures at the top of long pedicle screw constructs: a matched cohort analysis performed at a single center. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:2134–2139. PMID:
19713876.