Asian Spine J > Volume 17(1); 2023 > Article |
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Conflict of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. YY and SO belong to the division as follows: Donated Fund Laboratory (Division of Geriatric Musculoskeletal Health, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan); Meitoku Medical Institute Jyuzen Memorial Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Japan Medical Dynamic Marketing Inc., Tokyo, Japan; and Medtronic Sofamor Danek Inc., Memphis, USA.
Author Contributions
Conception or design of the work: Tomohiro Banno, Yu Yamato, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Hideyuki Arima, Shin Oe, Yuki Mihara, Koichiro Ide, Yuh Watanabe, Kenta Kurosu, Keiichi Nakai, and Yukihiro Matsuyama; acquisition of data for the work: Tomohiro Banno, Yu Yamato, and Shin Oe; analysis of data for the work: Tomohiro Banno; interpretation of data for the work: Tomohiro Banno, and Yu Yamato; drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content: all authors; final approval of the version to be published: all authors; and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved: all authors.
Characteristic | PSI group (n=21) | Non-PSI group (n=83) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 16.7±3.0 | 15.5±2.8 | 0.102 |
Risser grade | 4.1±0.7 | 3.7±0.9 | 0.057 |
Female | 19 (90) | 80 (96) | 0.945 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.6±2.0 | 19.4±2.3 | 0.783 |
Lenke type | 0.107 | ||
1A | 15 | 41 | |
1B | 4 | 16 | |
1C | 2 | 26 | |
UIV | 0.623 | ||
T2 | 3 | 5 | |
T3 | 3 | 14 | |
T4 | 8 | 34 | |
T5 | 7 | 26 | |
T6 | 0 | 4 | |
LIV | 0.454 | ||
T12 | 0 | 1 | |
L1 | 9 | 41 | |
L2 | 6 | 19 | |
L3 | 6 | 22 | |
Fusion length (levels) | 11.0±1.3 | 10.6±1.3 | 0.293 |
Preoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 25.1±7.0 | 24.3±6.4 | 0.624 |
MT curve (°) | 47.7±6.7 | 47.5±7.0 | 0.886 |
TL/L curve (°) | 25.6±8.8 | 29.9±8.8 | 0.050 |
Bending PT curve (°) | 16.2±5.0 | 15.1±5.4 | 0.401 |
Bending MT curve (°) | 26.9±10.2 | 29.8±8.8 | 0.193 |
Flexibility PT curve (%) | 35.7±9.8 | 37.9±17.4 | 0.580 |
Flexibility MT curve (%) | 44.6±18.6 | 37.5±14.8 | 0.068 |
UIV tilt (°) | −15.3±10.6 | −16.3±7.7 | 0.637 |
T1 tilt (°) | −0.4±5.4 | −0.8±4.3 | 0.735 |
RSH (mm) | −5.1±12.0 | −14.3±10.9 | 0.001* |
Cervical axis (°) | 0.5±3.4 | 0.3±3.3 | 0.865 |
CB (mm) | −1.2±14.9 | −3.6±13.6 | 0.483 |
TK (°) | 17.1±8.9 | 14.7±9.9 | 0.313 |
LL (°) | 45.6±13.6 | 46.4±9.1 | 0.747 |
Postoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 14.9±6.1 | 15.6±5.3 | 0.572 |
MT curve (°) | 10.9±4.6 | 14.5±5.0 | 0.003* |
TL/L curve (°) | 5.9±5.1 | 9.0±5.2 | 0.022* |
UIV tilt (°) | −2.4±6.0 | −4.8±4.3 | 0.040* |
T1 tilt (°) | 6.3±4.6 | 5.7±4.4 | 0.569 |
RSH (mm) | 22.5±11.9 | 11.5±11.7 | <0.001* |
Cervical axis (°) | 4.0±4.2 | 3.5±3.3 | 0.603 |
CB (mm) | −11.1±18.5 | −10.4±15.1 | 0.842 |
TK (°) | 19.9±6.0 | 20.2±6.0 | 0.819 |
LL (°) | 44.6±12.6 | 42.6±10.1 | 0.433 |
Correction rate | |||
PT curve | 40.4±21.9 | 35.2±19.4 | 0.293 |
MT curve | 77.3±8.6 | 69.1±10.6 | 0.013* |
PT/MT | 0.52±0.29 | 0.50±0.26 | 0.791 |
2 Years postoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 14.0±5.2 | 13.9±5.6 | 0.978 |
MT curve (°) | 12.8±5.4 | 14.5±5.3 | 0.199 |
TL/L curve (°) | 7.7±7.0 | 9.1±5.8 | 0.379 |
UIV tilt (°) | −2.2±5.5 | −4.9±5.2 | 0.037* |
T1 tilt (°) | 6.9±3.4 | 4.0±4.2 | 0.005* |
RSH (mm) | 26.5±5.4 | 6.6±7.4 | <0.001* |
Cervical axis (°) | 3.6±2.6 | 2.3±2.6 | 0.049* |
CB (mm) | −0.5±10.1 | −7.2±11.0 | 0.013* |
TK (°) | 21.7±5.7 | 21.1±6.9 | 0.716 |
LL (°) | 48.2±12.7 | 46.3±10.3 | 0.475 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables and number (%) or number for categorical variables.
Characteristic | U-UIV group (n=25) | L-UIV group (n=79) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 16.0±3.1 | 15.7±2.8 | 0.630 |
Risser grade | 3.9±1.0 | 3.8±0.9 | 0.649 |
Female | 24 (98) | 75 (96) | 0.654 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.5±2.1 | 19.4±2.2 | 0.886 |
Lenke type | 0.050 | ||
1A | 17 | 39 | |
1B | 6 | 14 | |
1C | 2 | 26 | |
UIV | <0.001* | ||
T2 | 8 | 0 | |
T3 | 17 | 0 | |
T4 | 0 | 42 | |
T5 | 0 | 33 | |
T6 | 0 | 4 | |
LIV | 0.432 | ||
T12 | 0 | 1 | |
L1 | 15 | 35 | |
L2 | 6 | 19 | |
L3 | 4 | 24 | |
Fusion length (levels) | 11.8±0.9 | 10.3±1.1 | <0.001* |
Preoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 27.4±5.8 | 23.5±6.5 | 0.008* |
MT curve (°) | 47.1±8.0 | 47.7±6.6 | 0.719 |
TL/L curve (°) | 25.5±7.8 | 30.2±9.0 | 0.022* |
Bending PT curve (°) | 17.9±4.6 | 14.5±5.3 | 0.004* |
Bending MT curve (°) | 28.0±9.1 | 29.6±9.1 | 0.459 |
Flexibility PT curve (%) | 33.9±13.7 | 38.6±16.8 | 0.207 |
Flexibility MT curve (%) | 40.2±19.3 | 38.5±14.7 | 0.643 |
UIV tilt (°) | −6.8±10.4 | −19.0±4.7 | <0.001* |
T1 tilt (°) | 0.8±5.3 | −1.2±4.2 | 0.047* |
RSH (mm) | −10.1±13.0 | −13.2±11.2 | 0.254 |
Cervical axis (°) | 1.7±3.1 | −0.1±3.3 | 0.022* |
CB (mm) | −0.3±12.9 | −4.0±14.1 | 0.244 |
TK (°) | 14.4±10.7 | 15.5±9.4 | 0.647 |
LL (°) | 46.5±11.8 | 46.2±9.6 | 0.901 |
Postoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 16.3±3.8 | 15.2±5.9 | 0.392 |
MT curve (°) | 14.4±4.3 | 13.6±5.4 | 0.455 |
TL/L curve (°) | 7.1±4.5 | 8.8±5.6 | 0.170 |
UIV tilt (°) | 0.0±4.8 | −5.6±3.9 | <0.001* |
T1 tilt (°) | 6.3±3.1 | 5.7±4.8 | 0.569 |
RSH (mm) | 13.9±13.4 | 13.6±12.3 | 0.935 |
Cervical axis (°) | 4.0±3.4 | 3.5±3.5 | 0.468 |
CB (mm) | −7.8±14.6 | −11.4±16.1 | 0.329 |
TK (°) | 19.5±6.5 | 20.3±5.8 | 0.562 |
LL (°) | 43.0±10.7 | 43.0±10.6 | 0.987 |
Correction rate | |||
PT curve | 39.3±13.9 | 35.3±21.5 | 0.388 |
MT curve | 68.8±9.7 | 71.4±11.0 | 0.289 |
PT/MT | 0.57±0.17 | 0.48±0.29 | 0.185 |
2 Years postoperation | |||
PT curve (°) | 15.5±4.4 | 13.4±5.7 | 0.103 |
MT curve (°) | 13.9±4.4 | 14.2±5.6 | 0.803 |
TL/L curve (°) | 7.5±5.9 | 9.2±6.1 | 0.231 |
UIV tilt (°) | 0.5±4.8 | −5.8±4.6 | <0.001* |
T1 tilt (°) | 5.5±2.9 | 4.3±4.5 | 0.231 |
RSH (mm) | 11.9±11.7 | 10.2±10.3 | 0.485 |
PSI | 6 (29) | 15 (18) | 0.586 |
Cervical axis (°) | 3.1±2.3 | 2.4±2.8 | 0.223 |
CB (mm) | −3.9±11.8 | −6.4±10.9 | 0.324 |
TK (°) | 19.6±6.2 | 21.8±6.7 | 0.157 |
LL (°) | 47.8±11.0 | 46.3±10.8 | 0.539 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables and number (%) or number for categorical variables.
UIV, upper instrumented vertebra; U-UIV, UIV at T2 or T3; L-UIV, UIV below T3; LIV, lowest instrumented vertebra; PT, proximal thoracic; MT, main thoracic; TL/L, thoracolumbar/lumbar; RSH, radiographic shoulder height; CB, coronal balance; TK, thoracic kyphosis; LL, lumbar lordosis; PSI, postoperative shoulder imbalance.